Commonly referred to as pidgin, Hawaiian Creole English is a dialect of English that differs from standard English in both word use and inflection. Most Hawaiian residents can also speak what has come to be called Hawaiian Creole English. In giving directions, a place is said to be makai, “toward the sea,” or mauka, “toward the mountains.” Nearly all cities and towns and most of the streets bear Hawaiian names. The Hawaiian alphabet has only 12 letters: the vowels a, e, i, o, and u, and the consonants h, k, l, m, n, p, and w (sometimes pronounced like v). Many Hawaiian words are heard in everyday speech. However, the establishment of Hawaiian-language immersion schools created a new generation of Hawaiian speakers, and instruction in Hawaiian is now offered from kindergarten through the graduate school level. In the early 1990s the Hawaiian language was all but extinct, spoken by only a handful of Native Hawaiians. Both English and Hawaiian are official languages in the state. The language most used in Hawaii is English, but the Hawaiian language has a strong presence. One of every four residents is multiracial. Hawaii ranks first among the states in the number of people who identify themselves as being of two or more races. People who identified themselves as Hispanic made up 9.5 percent of Hawaii’s population in 2020, up from 8.9 percent in 2010 and 7.2 percent in 2000. The fastest-growing ethnic group in Hawaii is Hispanic Americans. Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders accounted for more than 10 percent of the total. census people of Asian descent made up 37 percent of Hawaii’s population and non-Hispanic whites 22 percent. The descendants of these later settlers now far outnumber the descendants of the original Hawaiians.Īt the time of the 2020 U.S. Over the course of two centuries people from all over the world settled in Hawaii, creating a very diverse society. Immigrants from the United States and Europe were followed by workers from China, Japan, the Azores, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Korea. The arrival of foreigners in Hawaii began after British Captain James Cook came upon the islands in 1778. A second wave of Polynesian immigrants came from Tahiti in the 9th or 10th century. The original people of Hawaii were Polynesians who sailed from the Marquesas Islands, perhaps as early as ad 300. Located in the mid-Pacific, Hawaii is a natural meeting place of East and West. Area 10,970 square miles (28,412 square kilometers). According to an island legend, Hawaii Loa was the name of the man who discovered the paradise. The writer Mark Twain characterized Hawaii as the “loveliest fleet of islands that lies anchored in any ocean.” The name of the state may have derived from Hawaiki, the former name of Raiatea, one of the Society Islands and the ancestral home of the Polynesians. Another nickname is the Paradise of the Pacific. The nickname of the Aloha State comes from a late–19th-century Hawaiian word for love that is used as a greeting and to say farewell. mainland who arm the large Hawaii-based naval and air fleets. (Taro is an edible plant that grows underground tubers.) Today Hawaii has a population more varied than that of any other state: its people include descendants of the original Polynesian population, of 19th-century sailors and traders, of the New England missionaries who brought Western ways to the native people, and of the Asians and Portuguese who came as field hands to work on the islands’ sugar and pineapple plantations-mixed with the service personnel from the U.S. When the British sea captain James Cook discovered the islands in 1778, he found a thriving people who bred fish for a better catch and irrigated their taro fields. The first people of Hawaii were Polynesian seafarers who came to the islands in sturdy outrigger canoes more than 1,600 years ago. Kean Collection/Hulton Royals Collection/Getty Images
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